动车组车体强度可靠性安全系数分析*

doi:10.16731/j.cnki.1671-3133.2025.11.008

现代制造工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 542 ›› Issue (11): 57-64.doi: 10.16731/j.cnki.1671-3133.2025.11.008

动车组车体强度可靠性安全系数分析^*

王绍隆¹, 祁文哲¹, 李德仓^1,2, 范业龙¹, 王武¹, 尚明洁¹, 吕思潭¹

1 兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州 730070;
2 兰州交通大学机电技术研究所,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者: 祁文哲,教授,主要研究方向为机电设备控制与检测技术。E-mail:1242085853@qq.com
作者简介:王绍隆,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高速列车车体可靠性分析。
基金资助:
^*国家自然科学基金项目(72061021)

Analysis of safety coefficients for the strength and reliability of rolling stock bodies

WANG Shaolong¹, QI Wenzhe¹, LI Decang^1,2, FAN Yelong¹, WANG Wu¹, SHANG Mingjie¹, LÜ Sitan¹

1 School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2 Mechatronics T & R Institute, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2025-01-03 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于可靠性理论,考虑动车组车体所受应力和材料强度的随机性,对铁道车辆结构设计过程中的安全系数进行分析。根据某型号动车组车体,建立动车组中间车车体有限元模型,根据EN12663-1确定了车体的静强度工况并进行安全系数分析。运用三维、可压缩和非稳态Navier-Stokes方程进行数值模拟,在风速为20 m/s横风条件下,将两动车组以300 km/h的速度交会时的压力波作为气动载荷输入源来考虑气动载荷工况,并与垂向载荷、运营中的动载荷组合得到动车组车体疲劳强度工况,绘制处于不同可靠度状态下的Goodman疲劳极限图,依此对动车组车体进行疲劳强度方面的评估。研究结果显示,随着可靠度的增加,安全系数均下降,但动车组车体仍符合不同可靠度水平下的静强度和疲劳强度标准;在可靠度为99 %时,静强度可靠性安全系数最小为1.2,发生在车钩中心线高度处压缩载荷为1 500 kN及其与最大垂向静载荷的组合工况下,最大应力位于车钩缓冲座处;在评估横风交会时气动载荷对结构疲劳的影响时,车体侧墙窗角处疲劳强度可靠性安全系数低,最小为1.36,满足设计要求。

关键词: 动车组车体, 静强度, 疲劳强度, 气动载荷, 可靠性安全系数

Abstract: Based on reliability theory, the randomness of both the stress experienced by the electric multiple unit (EMU) carbody and the material strength is taken into account to analyze the safety factors in the structural design process of railway vehicles. A finite element model of an intermediate EMU carbody of a certain high-speed train type is established. According to EN12663-1, the static strength load cases of the carbody are determined, and the safety factors are analyzed. The three-dimensional, compressible, and unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are employed for numerical simulation. Under a crosswind condition with a wind speed of 20 m/s, the pressure wave generated when two EMUs pass each other at a speed of 300 km/h is used as the input source for aerodynamic loads. These aerodynamic loads are combined with vertical loads and dynamic loads during operation to form the fatigue strength load cases for the EMU carbody. Goodman fatigue limit diagrams under different reliability levels are plotted to evaluate the fatigue strength of the EMU carbody. The research results indicate that as reliability increases, the safety factors decrease, but the EMU carbody still complies with the static and fatigue strength standards under different reliability levels. At a reliability level of 99 %, the minimum static strength reliability safety factor is 1.2, which occurs under a compressive load of 1 500 kN at the coupler centerline height and its combination with the maximum vertical static load. The maximum stress is located at the coupler yoke seat. When evaluating the impact of aerodynamic loads on structural fatigue during crosswind encounters, the safety factor at the corner of the sidewall windows is relatively low, with a minimum value of 1.36, meeting the design requirements.

Key words: Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) car body, static strength, fatigue strength, aerodynamic load, safety factor of reliability

中图分类号:

U443.35

王绍隆, 祁文哲, 李德仓, 范业龙, 王武, 尚明洁, 吕思潭. 动车组车体强度可靠性安全系数分析^*[J]. 现代制造工程, 2025, 542(11): 57-64.

WANG Shaolong, QI Wenzhe, LI Decang, FAN Yelong, WANG Wu, SHANG Mingjie, LÜ Sitan. Analysis of safety coefficients for the strength and reliability of rolling stock bodies[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering, 2025, 542(11): 57-64.

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动车组车体强度可靠性安全系数分析^*

Analysis of safety coefficients for the strength and reliability of rolling stock bodies

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