Abstract: The thermal error suppression of the electric spindle of the traditional machine tool adopts the heat exchange control mode of circulating coolant,which has the problems of low real-time,high cost and poor connection with the numerical control system. Firstly, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) adaptive control of machine tool electric spindle water cooler based on sparrow search algorithm was proposed. Then,the PID control module of Huazhong CNC system was introduced,and the research on the sparrow search algorithm and its adaptive adjustment model was carried out,and the simulation analysis was carried out. Based on the numerical control PID module,the parameter identification of the control system of the water cooler was completed,the PID adaptive control module of the water cooler was developed,and finally the process monitoring module of the CNC system was designed,and the system was tested and verified. The tests results showed that the proposed method has achieved good results in the thermal suppression of the spindle of the machine tool and has good engineering application value.

Key words: thermal error of the motor spindle, water cooler, Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), PID adaptive control