关键词: 螺母焊接, 焊枪结构, 路径优化, 视觉系统, PLC控制

Abstract: To solve the industry pain points of low process efficiency and poor quality stability in the traditional manual welding of nuts on the left and right front longitudinal beam inner plates of automobiles,a three-robot automated welding workstation is designed based on the integrated concept of process optimization-equipment collaboration-intelligent detection after systematically analyzing the characteristics of the workpiece. Firstly,the automation solution of robot carrying a welding gun for movement is adopted to develop a welding gun with integrated special functions,so as to solve the problem of automatic nut positioning. Secondly,the Genetic Algorithm-Ant Colony Optimization (GA-ACO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the robot′s welding path,and at the same time,interlocking measures for the robot interference zone are adopted to ensure the system′s reliability. Finally,a PLC control program is developed to realize equipment temporal coordination,visual feedback closed-loop control,and takt time optimization,as well as to strengthen welding quality control. Practical applications have shown that this automated workstation can effectively break through the bottlenecks of traditional processes,achieve full-process automated welding of nuts on the front longitudinal beam inner plates,balance production efficiency,quality stability,and production flexibility,and provide a technical reference for the design and engineering application of automated welding equipment for automotive thin-walled structural components.

Key words: nut welding, welding gun structure, path optimization, visual system, PLC control