Abstract: Laminated object manufacturing results in thermal residual stresses and deformation due to its high temperature techniques.Cooling gradients occurs due to the time differences in manufacturing processes.Considering the temperature gradients through thickness in manufacturing processes,the analytical solutions of thermal residual stresses and deformations are built.There are several cooling gradient models due to different manufacturing techniques.It is shown in numerical examples that cooling gradients result in thermal residual phenomenon through thickness.The effects of cooling gradient models on thermal residual stresses are discussed.The model can reasonably explain the bending deformation due to the cooling gradients in a workpieces.Bending deformation is actually a self-regulation mechanism to reduce residual stresses in the workpiece,which means that increasing the bending deformation can reduce the thermal residual stresses.This work provides a reliable theoretical basis for the optimization of laminated object manufacturing.

Key words: laminated object manufacturing, 3D printing, thermal residual stress, analytical solutions